Working Load Limit (WLL)
Fibre core
General: Working load limits for slings with fibre core in grade 1770 or 1960 N/mm2 (Ø 3-7 mm 6x19-FC/114-wires, Ø 8-60 mm 6x36-FC/216-wires) ferrule-secured, P- or PK-ferrules. With soft eye (15 times wire rope diameter) or with fittings.
Fibre core - 1770 N/mm²
| Rope | WLL in tons for steel wire rope with fibre core 1770 N/mm² | |||||||||
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| Ø | Single | 2-leg & Basket | 3- 4-leg | Endless | ||||||
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| mm | Straight | Choked | Basket | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | Straight | Choked | Basket |
| 3 | 0,09 | 0,07 | 0,18 | 0,12 | 0,09 | 0,19 | 0,13 | 0,18 | 0,14 | 0,36 |
| 4 | 0,15 | 0,12 | 0,3 | 0,21 | 0,15 | 0,31 | 0,22 | 0,3 | 0,24 | 0,6 |
| 5 | 0,25 | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,35 | 0,25 | 0,5 | 0,35 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 1 |
| Factor (KL) | 1 | 0,8 | 2 | 1,4 | 1 | 2,1 | 1,5 | 2 | 1,6 | 4 |
Fibre core - 1960 N/mm²
| Rope | WLL in tons for steel wire rope with fibre core 1960 N/mm² | ||||||||||
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| Ø | Single | 2-leg & Basket | 3- 4-leg | Endless | |||||||
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| mm | Straight | Choked | Basket | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | Straight | Choked | Basket | |
| 6 | 0,4 | 0,32 | 0,8 | 0,56 | 0,4 | 0,84 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 0,64 | 1,6 | |
| 7 | 0,55 | 0,4 | 1,1 | 0,75 | 0,55 | 1,13 | 0,83 | 1,1 | 0,9 | 2,2 | |
| 8 | 0,75 | 0,6 | 1,5 | 1,1 | 0,75 | 1,6 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,2 | 3 | |
| 9 | 0,9 | 0,8 | 1,8 | 1,26 | 0,9 | 2 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 1,5 | 3,6 | |
| 10 | 1,2 | 0,95 | 2,4 | 1,7 | 1,2 | 2,5 | 1,8 | 2,4 | 1,9 | 4,8 | |
| 11 | 1,4 | 1,1 | 2,8 | 2 | 1,4 | 3 | 2,2 | 2,8 | 2,3 | 5,6 | |
| 12 | 1,7 | 1,3 | 3,4 | 2,4 | 1,7 | 3,6 | 2,6 | 3,4 | 2,7 | 6,8 | |
| 13 | 2 | 1,6 | 4 | 2,8 | 2 | 4,2 | 3 | 4 | 3,2 | 8 | |
| 14 | 2,3 | 1,8 | 4,6 | 3,2 | 2,3 | 4,8 | 3,5 | 4,6 | 3,7 | 9,2 | |
| 16 | 3 | 2,4 | 6 | 4,2 | 3 | 6,3 | 4,5 | 6 | 4,8 | 12 | |
| 18 | 3,8 | 3,1 | 7,6 | 5,3 | 3,8 | 8 | 5,7 | 7,6 | 6,1 | 15,2 | |
| 20 | 4,7 | 3,8 | 9,4 | 6,6 | 4,7 | 10 | 7,1 | 9,4 | 7,6 | 18,8 | |
| 22 | 5,7 | 4,6 | 11,4 | 8 | 5,7 | 12 | 8,5 | 11,4 | 9,2 | 23 | |
| 24 | 6,8 | 5,4 | 13,6 | 9,5 | 6,8 | 14,3 | 10,2 | 13,6 | 11 | 27 | |
| 26 | 8 | 6,4 | 16 | 11,2 | 8 | 16,8 | 12 | 16 | 12,8 | 32 | |
| 28 | 9,3 | 7,4 | 18,6 | 13 | 9,3 | 19,5 | 14 | 18,6 | 15 | 37 | |
| 32 | 12 | 9,7 | 24 | 16,8 | 12 | 25,5 | 18 | 24 | 19,5 | 48 | |
| 36 | 15 | 12 | 30 | 21 | 15 | 32 | 23 | 30 | 25 | 60 | |
| 40 | 19 | 15 | 38 | 27 | 19 | 40 | 28,5 | 38 | 30 | 76 | |
| 44 | 23 | 18 | 46 | 32 | 23 | 48 | 34 | 46 | 37 | 92 | |
| 48 | 27 | 22 | 54 | 38 | 27 | 57 | 41 | 54 | 44 | 108 | |
| 52 | 32 | 26 | 64 | 45 | 32 | 67 | 48 | 64 | 51 | 128 | |
| 56 | 37 | 30 | 74 | 52 | 37 | 78 | 56 | 74 | 60 | 148 | |
| 60 | 43 | 34 | 86 | 60 | 43 | 90 | 64 | 86 | 68 | 172 | |
| 68 | 55 | 44 | 110 | 77 | 55 | 115 | 82 | 110 | 88 | 220 | |
| 71 | 60 | 48 | 120 | 84 | 60 | 126 | 90 | 120 | 96 | 239 | |
| Factor (KL) | 1 | 0,8 | 2 | 1,4 | 1 | 2,1 | 1,5 | 2 | 1,6 | 4 | |
Steel core
General: Working load limits for slings with steel core in grade 1770 N/mm2 (Ø 3-7 mm 6x19-IWS/133-wires, Ø 8-60 mm 6x36-IWRC/265-wires) ferrule-secured, P- or PK-ferrules. With soft eye (15 times wire rope diameter) or with fittings.
Steel core - 1770 N/mm²
| Rope | WLL in tons for steel wire rope with fibre core 1770 N/mm² | |||||||||
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| Ø | Single | 2-leg & Basket | 3- 4-leg | Endless | ||||||
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| mm | Straight | Choked | Basket | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | Straight | Choked | Basket |
| 3 | 0,1 | 0,08 | 0,2 | 0,14 | 0,1 | 0,21 | 0,15 | 0,2 | 0,16 | 0,4 |
| 4 | 0,17 | 0,14 | 0,34 | 0,24 | 0,17 | 0,36 | 0,25 | 0,27 | 0,27 | 0,68 |
| 5 | 0,27 | 0,22 | 0,54 | 0,38 | 0,27 | 0,56 | 0,41 | 0,43 | 0,43 | 1,08 |
| 6 | 0,38 | 0,3 | 0,76 | 0,53 | 0,38 | 0,8 | 0,57 | 0,61 | 0,61 | 1,52 |
| 7 | 0,53 | 0,42 | 1,06 | 0,74 | 0,53 | 1,1 | 0,8 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 2,12 |
| Factor (KL) | 1 | 0,8 | 2 | 1,4 | 1 | 2,1 | 1,5 | 2 | 1,6 | 4 |
Steel core - 1960 N/mm²
| Rope | WLL in tons for wire rope with steel core 1960 N/mm² | |||||||||
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| Ø | Single | 2-leg & Basket | 3- 4-leg | Endless | ||||||
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| mm | Straight | Choked | Basket | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | 0°-45° | 45°-60° | Straight | Choked | Basket |
| 8 | 0,8 | 0,65 | 1,6 | 1,15 | 0,8 | 1,7 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 1,3 | 3,2 |
| 9 | 1,05 | 0,8 | 2,1 | 1,45 | 1,05 | 2,2 | 1,8 | 2,1 | 1,7 | 4,2 |
| 10 | 1,3 | 1,1 | 2,6 | 1,8 | 1,3 | 2,7 | 1,9 | 2,6 | 2 | 5,2 |
| 11 | 1,5 | 1,2 | 3 | 2,2 | 1,5 | 3,3 | 2,3 | 3 | 2,5 | 6 |
| 12 | 1,8 | 1,4 | 3,6 | 2,6 | 1,8 | 3,9 | 2,8 | 3,6 | 3 | 7,2 |
| 13 | 2,2 | 1,8 | 4,4 | 3 | 2,2 | 4,5 | 3,2 | 4,4 | 3,5 | 8,8 |
| 14 | 2,5 | 2 | 5 | 3,5 | 2,5 | 5,3 | 3,8 | 5 | 4 | 10 |
| 16 | 3,3 | 2,6 | 6,6 | 4,6 | 3,3 | 6,9 | 4,9 | 6,6 | 5,2 | 13,2 |
| 18 | 4,1 | 3,3 | 8,2 | 5,8 | 4,1 | 8,7 | 6,2 | 8,2 | 6,6 | 16,4 |
| 20 | 5,1 | 4,1 | 10,2 | 7,2 | 5,1 | 10,7 | 7,7 | 10,2 | 8,2 | 20,4 |
| 22 | 6,2 | 5 | 12,4 | 8,7 | 6,2 | 13 | 9,3 | 12,4 | 10 | 24,8 |
| 24 | 7,4 | 5,9 | 14,8 | 10,3 | 7,4 | 15,5 | 11,1 | 14,8 | 11,8 | 29,6 |
| 26 | 8,7 | 7 | 17,4 | 12,1 | 8,7 | 18,2 | 13 | 17,4 | 13,8 | 34,8 |
| 28 | 10 | 8 | 20 | 14 | 10 | 21 | 15 | 20 | 16 | 40 |
| 32 | 13 | 10,4 | 26 | 18,4 | 13 | 27,5 | 19,7 | 26 | 21 | 52 |
| 36 | 16,6 | 13,3 | 33 | 23 | 16,6 | 35 | 25 | 33 | 26,5 | 66 |
| 40 | 20,5 | 16,4 | 41 | 29 | 20,5 | 43 | 31 | 41 | 33 | 82 |
| 44 | 25 | 20 | 50 | 35 | 25 | 52 | 37 | 50 | 40 | 100 |
| 48 | 29,5 | 23,6 | 59 | 41 | 29,5 | 62 | 44 | 59 | 47 | 118 |
| 52 | 35 | 28 | 70 | 48 | 35 | 73 | 52 | 70 | 55 | 140 |
| 56 | 40 | 32 | 80 | 56 | 40 | 84 | 60 | 80 | 64 | 160 |
| 60 | 46 | 37 | 92 | 65 | 46 | 97 | 69 | 92 | 74 | 184 |
| Factor (KL) | 1 | 0,8 | 2 | 1,4 | 1 | 2,1 | 1,5 | 2 | 1,6 | 4 |
Dimensioning for Steel Wire Rope Slings
Working load limit (WLL) for steel wire rope sling
Single leg sling
WLL (ton) = (Fmin x KT) / (Zp x g)
Endless sling (choke)
WLL (ton) = (Fmin x KT x 2 x 0,8) / (Zp x g)
Multi-leg sling
WLL (ton) = (Fmin x KT x KL) / (Zp x g)
Fmin = the minimum breaking force of the rope, in kN.
KT = factor for the efficiency of the termination, for ferrule 0,9 and for spliced 0,8.
KL = the leg factor relating to the number of legs and the angle to the vertical, see table.
Zp = the coefficient of utilization (working coefficient), with the value 5.
g = 9,81
Bending diameters effect on the working load limit (WLL)
CERTEX recommend that consideration will be taken to that the slings capacity will be lower when the bending diameter decreasing. If, for example the rope bends around a bearing point witch have the same diameter as the rope itself the capacity will decrease to the half, see figure.
Wire Rope Fittings
The most commonly used rope fittings with indication of remaining percentage of steel wire min breaking force.
Ferrule/Splicing
The minimum length of plain rope between the inside ends of ferrules terminating a sling leg shall be 20 times the nominal rope diameter. The minimum length of plain rope between the tails of splices shall be at least 15 times the nominal rope diameter. For endless sling the length between the ferrules shall not be less than three times the length of the ferrule after pressing.
Soft Eye
The peripheral length (l) of a soft eye shall be at least four rope lay lengths. CERTEX Svenska apply as standard that the length (h) of the soft eye shall be at least 15 times the rope diameter.
Steel Wire Rope Slings
General
General: Steel wire rope slings are in most cases easier and less expensive than chain slings. Galvanised wire rope provides good protection against corrosion, in extreme environments stainless wire ropes can be used. For extremely heavy lifting wire rope slings are usually the best option.
Material/Design: For manufacturing of wire rope slings the rope grade shall be either 1770 or 1960 N/mm². In multi-leg slings the rope dimension and grade shall be the same for each leg. The working load limit of the lower terminal fitting(s) shall be at least equal to that of the leg(s) to which it is/they are fitted. Where a terminal fitting is used, the eye termination shall always be fitted with a thimble. For 3- and 4-leg slings a master link with intermediate link should bee used.
Safety factor: 5:1.
Marking
Each sling shall be provided with a marking plate or be marked in the ferrules (single leg and endless slings) with the manufacturer's identifying mark, working load limit (WLL), length, manufacturing date and CE marking.
Length
Length
The length (L) shall be that measured between the bearing points of the sling or the circumference length of an endless sling.
Single leg and endless slings
The measured length of a ferrule-secured sling shall not differ from the nominal length by more than two rope diameters or 1 % of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
The measured length of a spliced sling shall not differ from the nominal length by more than four rope diameters or 2 % of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
Where single leg slings are intended to be used as matched sets, the difference in length of matched sets of ferrule-secured eye slings shall not exceed the rope diameter, or 0,5 % of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
Multi leg slings
The measured individual leg length of a ferrule-secured sling shall not differ from the nominal length of the sling by more than two rope diameters or 1 % of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
The difference in length between the individual legs of any multi-leg sling under no load shall not exceed 1,5 times the rope diameter or 0,5 % of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
"Laid" (cable-laid) endless slings
The measured length for cable-laid grommets with diameter <61 mm the tolerance shall be ±1d or 1% of the nominal length, whichever is the greater. For cable-laid grommets with diameter >65mm the tolerance shall be ±0,5d or 0,5% of the nominal length, whichever is the greater.
Multi Leg Slings
The working load limit of any master link shall be at least equal to that of the sling. The working load limit of any intermediate link fitted to a three-leg or four-leg sling shall be at least equal to 1,6 times the WLL of one of the legs suspended from it.
WARNING! When using the steel wire rope sling for projected lifting with an angel (ß) less then 45o, the working load limit will increase. This shall be informed by the time of order.
